The most important way of thinking in economics is to realize that searching for the optimal solution under the constraints of the total amount of resources. Its objective function can cover social justice and long-term human survival. The specific issues discussed in different chapters of this book seem to be far apart. Still, the thinking of economics runs through the whole process, reflecting the author's years of accumulation, thoughts, and gathering collaborative research or in-depth dialogue with experts in various fields. It leads readers in globalization and all important fields of exchange rate, trade, institutional reform, digital economy, social development while seeking the best balance between efficiency and fairness in the economy.