This manual is a collection of 46 flower and bird paintings by Wu Changshuo, who was a representative of the Shanghai school of painting. Wu is known for his bold, free, powerful brushwork. He often painted plum blossoms and orchids in a similar way to writing seal characters and used cursive brushwork to paint grapes. His flower, tree and rock paintings are characterized by superb technique, unrestrained brushwork, bold strokes, sharp color contrast, simple compositions that remind people of seal carving. His works have a far-reaching influence.