The several hundred years from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty is the "Axial Age" of traditional Chinese paintings. The birth, development, and establishment process is still an untold story. This book is the first one of the author's planned serial--"The Birth of Chinese Traditional Paintings." It presents the climax of this story along with the course and institutional mechanism of establishing painting tradition at the turn of the Han Dynasty. The author made credible restoration for the basic outline of the emerging art empire in the Han Dynasty through identifying and capturing the "Royal Factor" in the portraits of civilian tombs in Shandong and explored the political, ceremonial, and ideological dynamics behind it.