This book is the textual compilation of Professor Han Sheng's lectures on "Reading the Historical Records" conducted at the new media platform Zhongdu. Drawing upon years of scholarly engagement, the author offers a systematic reinterpretation of Historical Records through a lens of reason and critique to unveils the humanistic ideals, ideological landscapes of different eras, and the orientation and purpose of cultural traditions which are constructed in historical narratives. By revisiting this ancient text, the author also uncovers the threads of thoughts and the historical evidence of continuous Chinese civilization, hoping to distinguish fact from fiction and distill the modernity-aligned cultural elements in Historical Records to revitalize modern Chinese culture.