The 19th century marked the zenith of global empires. It was a period characterized by rampant territorial expansion of empires, booming intercontinental trade, and vast population movements. This era’s academic and intellectual currents gave rise to novel discourses and knowledge systems centered around imperialism, some of which have evolved into influential theories that continue to shape the fabric of contemporary societies. By selecting key historical cases and applying a blend of theoretical frameworks and historical analysis methods, this book meticulously dissects the complex literary constructs that underpin contemporary theories of both nationalism and imperialism. In doing so, it illuminates the subtle colonial and liberal-imperialist influences that permeate these discourses.