Based on the historical development and inherent characteristics of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms, this book aims to: first, systematically examine the background and evolution of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms; second, explore the time systems of ancient major civilizations worldwide and make a vertical comparison between the Twenty-Four Solar Terms and the primary time systems of global ancient civilizations; third, investigate the prevailing time systems across the world, grasp the contemporary time system frameworks on a global scale, and perform a horizontal comparison between the Twenty-Four Solar Terms and the main time systems currently in use of various countries, analyzing the intrinsic connections between these systems, including their evolutionary traits. For the time systems of other countries, the analysis focuses on their historical development, relationship with astronomy, and their applicability and impact on production, daily life, and particularly agricultural production. The comparison with the Twenty-Four Solar Terms aims to analyze the advantages and features of the Solar Terms system, uncover the unique wisdom contained within it, and provide suggestions for the protection, inheritance, and utilization of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms, ultimately offering a theoretical basis to enhance cultural confidence.