Chinese astronomy (known as tianxue) is one of the most mysterious and sacred elements of traditional Chinese culture, profoundly shaping the transfer of power and social life. This work by Professor Jiang Xiaoyuan - China’s first doctoral graduate in the history of astronomy, founder of China’s first department of the history of science, and today a leading figure in international research on Chinese astronomy - represents the culmination of forty years of his scholarship. This book explores Chinese astronomy’s philosophical foundations, operational mechanisms, and its connections with politics, celestial phenomena, the calendar system, and cross-cultural exchanges. It offers readers an accessible yet in-depth introduction to the content, significance, and social impact of traditional Chinese astronomy.