From the late 17th century to the early 20th century, it has been almost axiomatic in British academic discourse that maintaining the European balance of power or avoiding hegemony was both the cornerstone of British foreign policy and a crucial guarantee of Britain’s rise and enduring strength in international stage. This book challenges that conventional tenet, arguing that the image of modern Britain as a proactive defender of the European balance of power is a myth unsupported by historical reality. Drawing on extensive writings and primary sources on British foreign affairs from the period, the author identifies eleven major objectives of British foreign policy, including the maintenance of the balance of power. Focusing on the balance of power, the book analyzes the interrelations among these objectives and examines the guiding principles and practical implementation of British foreign policy. In doing so, it dismantles the prevailing myth. At the same time, it explores why this myth has persisted and how it has contributed to certain misconceptions about British foreign relations and international influence during the period. As a sweeping macro-level study of Britain’s modern foreign policy, this book offers fresh perspectives and insights into Britain’s overall historical trajectory and development.