Folk beliefs play a crucial role in the fabric of traditional societies, particularly in rural areas. They serve as a window into the ideological and cultural landscapes of these societies, shaping the very dynamics of social life at the grassroots level. This book, drawing upon rich field survey data, examines the intricacies of folk beliefs through a multifaceted lens, exploring their geographic roots, formation and functions, folk beliefs analyzed through the lens of cultural elements, the interplay between folk beliefs, the state, and social structures, Shanxi's folk beliefs, and the impact of contemporary society on folk beliefs in Shanxi. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between folk beliefs and regional societies. It sheds light on the intrinsic value of these beliefs themselves and contributes to a deeper understanding of the fundamental aspects of Chinese traditional culture and solving the fundamental problems in Chinese traditional culture.